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...ices. Further, several sections within the Criminal Division of the United States Department of Justice in Washington, D.C., have expertise in computer-relat ...

...erwise communicate via an electronic network is an ECSP. See, e.g., United States v. Mullins, 992 F.2d 1472, 1478 (9th Cir. 1993) (airline that provides trav ...s through netscape.net, is a provider of ECS); In re Application of United States for an Order Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 2703(D), 157 F. Supp. 2d 286, 289 (S.D ...

...pted as an [[encryption]] standard by the Federal government of the United States. It has been analyzed extensively and is now used worldwide, as was the ca ...nada. The use of validated cryptographic modules is required by the United States Government for all unclassified uses of cryptography. The Government of Can ...

...United States George W. Bush on December 16, 2003, establishes the United States' first national standards for the sending of commercial e-mail and requires ...rs to get permission before they send marketing messages. It also prevents states from enacting stronger anti-spam protections, and prohibits individuals who ...

...the term has the connotation of a positive declaration." See, e.g., United States v. Lewis, 902 F.2d 1176, 1179 (5th Cir. 1990); Lexington Ins. Co. v. W. Pen .... 2007); United States v. Fujii, 301 F.3d 535, 539 (7th Cir. 2002); United States v. Briscoe, 896 F.2d 1476, 1494 (7th Cir. 1990). ...

...c library, bookstore or newsstand”). It reflects “the policy of the United States . . . to preserve the vibrantand competitive free market that presently exi ...nconsistent with the provisions of the Act. However, the statute expressly states that it has no effect on federal criminal law, intellectual property law, a ...

(d) Jurisdiction. Any action under this section may be brought in any United States district court or in any other court of competent jurisdiction, and shall b ...

(d) Jurisdiction. Any action under this section may be brought in any United States district court or in any other court of competent jurisdiction, and shall b ...

...e mark “is widely recognized by the general consuming public of the United States as a designation of source of the goods or services of the mark's owner.” ...se of trademarks or any use protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, which includes gripe sites. In ''Mayflower Transit, L.L.C. v. ...

...party to a copyright treaty; (2) the work is first published in the Unites States or a country that is a party to the Universal Copyright Convention; (3) the # '''Foreign Application.''' In many countries outside the United States, authors have personal or “moral rights” apart from and in addition to prop ...

...es incarceration and the loss of many other civil liberties. In the United States, a criminal defendant is presumed innocent of the charges against them unti ...

...ess with whom the transaction takes place. So a user in one of the United States conducting a transaction with another user in Britain through a server in C ==Internet regulation in the United States== ...

...CA amended [[Title 17 of the United States Code|Title 17]] of the [[United States Code]] to extend the reach of copyright, while limiting the liability of th ...ally requires separate legislation by or within each of the Union's member states.) ...

...mmonly called '''Sarbanes–Oxley''', '''SarBox''' or '''SOX''', is a United States federal law enacted on July 30, 2002. It is named after sponsors U.S. Senat ...s to comply with the new law. Harvey Pitt, the 26th chairman of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), led the SEC in the adoption of do ...

...em administrator's common authority to consent to a search under to United States v. Matlock, 415 U.S. 164 (1974). (2) WARNING! This computer system is the property of the United States Department of Justice and may be accessed only by authorized users. Unautho ...

...o been reversed and remanded upon review by the Eighth Circuit in ''United States v. Bach'', 310 F.3d 1063 (8th Cir. 2002). ...a person in violation of this section may bring a civil action in a United States district court.) ''See also Camfield v. City of Oklahoma City'', 248 F.3d 1 ...

...cts, it may sometimes be called a service mark, particularly in the United States trademark law. * United Kingdom: 1876;– The Bass Brewery Red Triangle was the first trademark to be ...

In 2004, the United Kingdom enacted the Civil Contingencies Act 2004, instructing emergency ser ...ed States General Accounting Office Y2k BCP Guide] (August 1998). ''United States Government Accountability Office''. ...

The Fourth Amendment states: ...ference with an individual's possessory interests in that property,"United States v. Jacobsen, 466 U.S. 109, 113 (1984), and the Court has also characterized ...

...communications are fully protected by the Fourth Amendment. Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 353-354 (1967). The Government must satisfy stringent proced ...lso been reversed and remanded upon review by the Eighth Circuit in United States v. Bach, 310 F.3d 1063 (8th Cir. 2002). ...

...ngoing criminal investigation.” 18 U.S.C. § 2703(d); see also In re United States for an Order Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 2703(d), 36 F. Supp. 2d 430 (D. Mass. 19 ...erwise communicate via an electronic network is an ECSP. See, e.g., United States v. Mullins, 992 F.2d 1472, 1478 (9th Cir. 1993) (airline that provides trav ...

On September 30, 2005, the four United States Department of the Treasury banking agencies (the Office of the Comptroller ...imelines and use of the varying methodologies being restricted. The United States' various regulators have agreed on a final approach. They have ''required'' ...

In their May 1998 testimony before the United States Senate, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) discussed the sale of Social Sec ...nd under the Criminal Code 1899 (QLD). Other States and Territories are in states of development in respect of regulatory frameworks relating to identity the ...

...the same and fails to deliver it to the officer or employee of the United States entitled to receive it; (B) information from any department or agency of the United States; or ...

...en abrogated by the Uniform Single Publication Act (USPA), adopted in most states, which provides that all issues of a mass media communication merge into on In some states, there are legal privileges protecting fair comments about public proceedin ...

...erfeit Access Device and Abuse Act that was passed in 1984 and essentially states that, whoever intentionally accesses a computer without authorization or ex ...usively for such use, used by or for a financial institution or the United States Government and the conduct constituting the offense affects that use by or ...

In the United States, cryptography is legal for domestic use, but there has been much conflict o Another contentious issue connected to cryptography in the United States is the influence of the National Security Agency in cipher development and ...

...f information technology related matters in contemporary organizations and states that strategic IT decisions should be owned by the corporate board, rather ...ul operational Service management of IT, developed and maintained by the [[United Kingdom]]'s [[Office of Government Commerce]], in partnership with the [[IT ...

...icts the concept of an independent auditor. Changes enacted in the United States in the form of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act prohibit accounting firms from provid In the United States, the main problem is the conflict of interest between widely-dispersed shar ...

(d) The Directive requires member states to provide individuals with judicial remedies and a right to compensation f (e) Article 25 of the Directive prohibits member states from transferring personal data to countries outside the European Union tha ...

...ion security to the economic and national security interests of the United States. Title III of the [[Media:E-Government-Act-2002.pdf | E-Government Act]], e ...

...ounting and administrative controls under section 3512 of title 31, United States Code,[3] (known as the “Federal Managers Financial Integrity Act”); and<br> ...

...t to inclusion of an article in a collective work.” Id. at 171. The United States Supreme Court agreed with the Second Circuit, finding that “[t]he Publisher ...

...Nancy Kassebaum. Title I of HIPAA protects health insurance in the United States coverage for workers and their families when they change or lose their jobs ...the Privacy Rule is not being upheld can file a complaint with the United States Department of Health and Human Services Office for Civil Rights (OCR).<br> ...

* The United Nations -recommended UN/EDIFACT is the only international standard and is p * The United States standard ANSI ASC X12 (X12) is predominant in North America. ...

...ation of Title III to use a pen register or trap and trace device); United States Telecom Ass'n v. FCC, 227 F.3d 450, 453-54 (D.C. Cir. 2000) (contrasting pe ...ent on its way (roughly analogous to the postmark on a letter). See United States v. Forrester, 512 F.3d 500, 510 (9th Cir. 2008) (email to/from addresses an ...

...f the Internet has been subject to fierce debate, especially in the United States. ...f the Internet Protocol, has called the term net neutrality a "slogan" and states that he opposes establishing it, but he admits that he is against the fragm ...

==History - United States== ...dicts the concept of an independent auditor. Changes enacted in the United States in the form of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (in response to the Enron situation a ...

...gration authorities in detaining and deporting [[Immigration in the United States|immigrants]] suspected of terrorism-related acts. The act also expanded the ...House of Representatives|House]] by 357 to 66 (of 435) and in the [[United States Senate|Senate]] by 98 to 1 and was supported by members of both the Republi ...

...minal evidence will be found in the place searched. See Brinegar v. United States, 338 U.S. 160, 175 (1949). Once a magistrate judge finds probable cause and ...e or contraband that will exist in the location to be searched. See United States v. Reyes, 798 F.2d 380, 382 (10th Cir. 1986) (noting that "in the age of mo ...

...transactions this translates to billions of dollars. In 2006, fraud in the United Kingdom alone was estimated at £535 million or US $750–830 million at preva ===United States=== ...

The Fourth Amendment states: ...ference with an individual's possessory interests in that property,"United States v. Jacobsen, 466 U.S. 109, 113 (1984), and the Court has also characterized ...

...e Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (Article 2) states: “The expression ‘literary and artistic works’ shall include every producti ...rule, rather than an explicit limitation. Article 9(2) states that Member States may provide for free reproduction in special cases where the acts do not co ...

...is, and always will be, folly; but we have staked upon it our all." United States v. Associated Press, 52 F. Supp. 362, 372 (S.D.N.Y. 1943) (opinion of the c ...ct (see subsection D, above), which was upheld as constitutional in United States v. American Library Ass’n, 123 S. Ct. 2297 (2003) (see subsection D(5), abo ...

...chnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7676427.PN.&OS=PN/7676427&RS=PN/7676427 United States Patent and Trademark Office Patent 7,676,427 System and Method of Continuou ...

(4) United States v. The Ohio Art Co., Civ. Action No. 027203 (N.D. Ohio 2002); File No. 022- (5) United States v. Lisa Frank, Inc. (E.D. Va. 2001), File No. 012-3050 (Fed. Trade Comm’n O ...

...luded that the potential infringement at issue did not occur in the United States because it “was only completed in Canada once the signal was received and v ...

...ed when the government has unchecked access to reading records. See United States v. Rumely, 345 U.S. 41, 57 (1953) (Douglas, J., concurring) (“Once the gove ...

...n domestic or foreign institutions that have offices located in the United States. CHIPS is run by CHIP Co. L.L.C., a subsidiary of the Clearing House. ...ecks drawn on depository institutions located in all regions of the United States. ...

...ITIL'' and ''IT Infrastructure Library'' are Registered Trade Marks of the United Kingdom's [http://www.ogc.gov.uk/ Office of Government Commerce] (OGC). The ...ed into the Office of Government Commerce (OGC), which is an Office of the United Kingdom's HM Treasury and disappeared as a distinct organization. ...